Modeling of orders in autonomously controlled logistic systems

The paper extends the Autonomous Logistics Engineering Methodology (ALEM) by a deeper understanding of immaterial logistic objects to trigger manufacturing processes. Further, a hierarchical modeling concept is introduced to split customer orders logically into partial orders, which run directly at the shop floor level. Each partial order consists of certain manufacturing steps. The amendments enable adequate modeling of autonomous manufacturing processes. The research is a further step to integrate autonomously controlled processes in logistics.